This article will explain the difference between a hard and
soft credit inquiry, the impact on your credit score, and what you can do to
minimize the impact.
Before you dive in:
- Build your confidence by understanding the terminology
- Find trusted professionals and be supported.
- Its not a mountain, once you dive in you will find it is only a hill.
What is a Hard Inquiry?
A hard inquiry is when you need to apply for a loan or line of credit and a lender must review your credit report for approval. The creditor is pulling your file to determine your creditworthiness as a borrower. Because of this, a hard inquiry is reported on your credit report and becomes a part of your credit file for two years and your credit score drops by a few points.
What is a Soft Inquiry?
A soft inquiry is somewhat similar. It is when you check
your own credit report or a company checks your report when pre-qualifying you
for a loan or credit card. This generally happens before you go through the
application process. Fortunately, soft inquiries do not impact your credit
score, nor are they a part of your credit report.
What’s the Difference Between Soft and Hard Inquiries?
In general, a credit inquiry is when someone requests your
credit information and also receives it. These inquiries fall into two
categories — hard and soft —but there
are big differences between the two.
Hard inquiries
A hard inquiry, which is sometimes referred to as a hard
pull or hard credit check, occurs when you are applying for credit or lending
for either your business or personal finances.
According to FICO, a hard inquiry will decrease your score
by no more than five points. So why do lenders or creditors put an emphasis on
how many hard inquiries you have?
If there are too many hard inquiries on your
credit report, it will raise a red flag to lenders that you may be trying to
open up too much credit. If you have too much credit then it becomes a risk to
the lender. You may want to look into how to remove hard
inquiries from credit report.
Soft inquiries
A Soft inquiry, sometimes referred to as a soft credit check
or soft pull, is typically a result of an inquiry you are unaware of. It’s most
often used by another company to check your credit when you have not filled out
an application.
Soft inquiries are only seen on your credit report by you, so there is no impact on your score nor will you be dinged for it by a creditor or lender. Checking your own credit score and monitoring your credit on a regular basis fall under the category of a soft inquiry, so there is no concern about a negative consequence to your score.
|
Type of Inquiry |
Occurs When |
Length of Time on Credit Report |
Impact on Credit Score |
Visible to Others on Credit Report |
|
Hard |
Filling out a formal application to request credit or lending |
24 months |
Can slightly decrease score |
Yes |
|
Soft |
Monitoring your own credit or when someone accesses your credit for another reason besides an application |
N/A |
No impact |
No |
Examples of Soft and Hard Inquiries
There are numerous scenarios for either a hard or soft inquiry.
Here are a few examples of each so you know when you might expect one type
versus the other.
Common Hard Inquiries
- You are applying for a new loan, mortgage, or refinancing
- Applying for a brand new credit card
- Requesting an increased credit limit on an existing credit
card or line of credit
- Purchasing a new cell phone plan
- Apartment rentals
- Establishing new utility accounts
Common Soft Inquiries
- Checking and monitoring your own credit score
- When your workplace runs an employee background check
- A pre-qualification screening from creditor or lender
- When you ask a lender for a rate quote before filling out a
formal application
- Insurance applications
How Hard Inquiries Impact Your Credit Score
While it may be a little frustrating knowing a
hard inquiry can impact your business credit
score - especially if you’re working hard to improve it - the good
news is the impact may not be as severe as you imagine.
A hard inquiry will be reported on your credit report for 24
months. However, the impact to your credit score will only last about six
months after the initial inquiry. So over time, your credit score will no
longer reflect the impact. When a hard inquiry does occur, it typically drops
your score overall by about five points, and at times even less.
Lenders do not want to see too many hard inquiries on your report because it could be an indication of you trying to open up more credit and taking on more debt.
How Soft Inquiries Impact Your Credit Score
Because of the nature of the soft inquiry and the type of
information it is used for, it is not as impactful to your credit report as a
hard inquiry. Soft credit checks do not always need your approval, so
thankfully there are no negative consequences whenever a soft inquiry is made.
This is good news for those who are actively monitoring their own credit score or when a company is inquiring about your credit score
without your knowledge.
A soft inquiry is visible on your credit report, but it is
only visible to you. It does not cause any changes to your score either.
How to Minimize the Impact of Hard Credit Inquiries
You may be concerned about a few hard inquiries, but most
likely having two or three on your report will not cause much damage. On the
other hand, make sure you do not have too many, or else there will be a
negative impact. You can minimize this by:
- Only apply for credit or a loan if you truly need it and are
serious about moving forward. Trying to earn a sign-up bonus or points for future
travel is likely not reason enough.
- Try to have all the inquiries take place within a 15 to 45
day window of the shopping time frame. You are allowed to shop for mortgages
and auto loans within a certain time frame, so be sure to take advantage of
this.
- To limit the impact on your score, pay attention to credit
checks. Be sure to always read the fine print anytime you are renting a car,
changing your cell phone plans, or any other activity that might involve
credit. It’s a good practice to ask what type of credit check will be used.
- Monitor your credit report regularly. You can recruit the help of a business credit monitoring service. It’s important to monitor your credit report a minimum of at least once per year. This will alert you if you see any unauthorized hard inquiries on the report. If you do see one, you can follow the steps for removing unauthorized transactions on your credit report
Hard and soft inquiries are not a major deal for the most part until there are too many hard inquiries. Then it becomes an issue when you’re applying for a loan or credit card. You can minimize the surprises or impact by limiting the number of applications you open. If you’re worried you won’t be able to secure funding for your business because of too many hard inquiries, be sure to check out companies like Credibly. Credibly offers several funding options even if your business credit score has taken recent hits or you’re learning how to build business credit.
